TITLE : FACTORS WHICH HINDER OR HELP PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT: COUNTRY REPORT-INDIA*

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
FOREWORD  i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES ix
 
Chapter I NATURE SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE STUDY  1
 
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Concepts and Measures of Productivity 3
1.3 Nature and Sources of Data 4
 
Chapter 2 AN OVERVIEW  6
 
Chapter 3 THE ECONOMIC SET UP 10
 
3.1 The Economy & Its Growth  10
3.2 Growth Achievements at a Glance  12
3.3 Diversification of the Industrial Base and
	Capacity Utilization 14
3.4 Agricultural Sector 19
3.5 Small Scale Industries 23
3.6 The Public Sector 26
3.7 Private Corporate Sector 30
3.8 Labour Force, Employment and Productivity 33
3.9 Wages, Emoluments and Distributive Justice 38
3.10 Industrial Disputes 38
3.11 Industrial Absenteeism 42
3.12 Skill Formation Through Training  42
3.13 Trade Policies 44
3.14 Conclusion  46
 
Chapter 4 PRODUCTIVITY IN POWER SECTOR 48
 
4.1 Origin, Growth and Present Status of the 48
4.2 Some Important Features of the Sector 50
	4.2.1 Public Utility Vs-Non-Utility 50
	4.2.2 Source of Generation 52
	4.2.3 Size Composition 52
	4.2.4 Pattern of Power Consumption 54
4.3 Capacity Utilization  54
	4.3.1 Plant Load Factor in Power Stations 56
	4.3.2 The Hydel Stations 56
	4.3.3 The Thermal Stations 61
	4.3.4 Planned Maintenance  62
	4.3.5 Forced Outages 64
4.4 Gap Between Availability and Plant Load Factor 66
4.5 Conclusion 67
 
Chapter 5 PRODUCTIVITY IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY 69
 
5.1 Origin, Growth and Present Status of the Industry 69
5.2 Capacity and Its Utilization 71
5.3 Causes of Under Utilization 71
	5.3.1 Capacity Measures 71
	5.3.2 Stabilization Problems 73
5.4 Other Major Factors (Nitrogenous Plants) 76
5.5 Phosphate Plants 89
5.6 Conclusion 91
 
Chapter 6 PRODUCTIVITY IN CEMENT INDUSTRY 94
 
6.1 Origin, Growth and Present Status of the Industry 94
6.2 Structure of the Industry 95
	6.2 .1 Output Composition 95
	6.2.2 Pattern of Ownership 97
	6.2.3 Size and Processes 98
6.3 Some Recent Technological Trends 99
6.4 Capacity and Its Utilization 101
	6.4.1 Causes of Low Utilization  101
 
Chapter 7 PRODUCTIVITY IN COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY  108
 
7.1 Origin, Growth and Present Status of the Industry 108
7.2 The Performance of the Industry: Status of
	Machine Utilization 109
7.3 Causes of Under Utilization  111
	7.3 .1 Demand for Clothing 112
	7.3 .2 Cotton Supplies 114
	7.3.3 Technological Obsolescences  117
	7.3 .4 Power Shortage  118
	7.3.5 Human Resource Management 119
7.4 Machine Emciency  120
7.5 Conclusion 122
 
Chapter 8 FACTORS HINDERING PRODUCTIVITY IN
		  INDIAN INDUSTRES: ASSESSMENT OF NPC EXPERENCES  123
 
8.1 Introduction 123
8.2 The Nature and Sources of Data 123
8.3 The Problem Areas and Their Ranking 124
8.4 Results 125
8.5 Conclusion 128
 
Chapter 9 SUMMARY 130
 
9.1 General 130
9.2 The Economic Setup 130
9.3 Industry Level Appraisal 130
	9.3.1 Technology  133
	9.3.2 Material Inputs 133
	9.3.3 Infrastructural Facilities  134
	9.3.4 Human Skills and Attitudes 135
	9.3.5 Market Related Factors 135
9.4 Unit Level Experience  135
9.5 Growth Productivity Nexus 136
9.6 Strategiesfor 1980s 138
9.7 Areas of Future Research 141
9.8 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 142
9.9 Industry  143
9.10 Labour  144
 
SELECTED REFERENCE LIST OF STUDIES AND REPORT  146